In today’s interrelated economies, financial information travel at speed of light to reach investors around the globe.Global financial markets experience regular shocks that transmit negative waves to other equity markets and different asset classes.Given the unique characteristics of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), this paper examines how diff
Like most evolutionary algorithms, accuracy-based learning classifier systems (XCSs) use a fitness metric to recognize the superiority of rules, under a principle that a higher-quality rule has a higher fitness.However, XCS must learn the fitness values under a reinforcement learning scheme.This introduces uncertainty and asynchrony to the fitness
Is education a human right or a driver of economic development? How international organisations frame their strategies is determined to a great Left Pedal Arm extent by their response to this question.This chapter argues that a sound education system is one that is rights-based and seeks to achieve social cohesion, equality of access, and equity of
Strangles is one of the most prevalent horse diseases globally.The infected horses may be asymptomatic and can still carry the infectious pathogen after it recovers, which are named asymptomatic infected horses and long-term subclinical carriers, respectively.Based on these horses, this paper establishes a dynamical model to screen, measure, and mo